Jane Austen, born in 1775 and dead by 1817 at just 41, is one of the most quietly revolutionary writers in the English canon. Her six novels observe, critique and gently skewer the English landed gentry at the end of the 18th century, and her great subject was the machinery beneath the drawing-room manners: the dependence of women on marriage for social standing and economic security. Her wit, irony and social realism helped move the novel away from the sentimental fashions of her era and towards 19th-century realism.
The facts of her career are sobering. She wrote major novels before the age of 22 but was not published until she was 35, and then anonymously. Sense and Sensibility in 1811, Pride and Prejudice in 1813, Mansfield Park in 1814 and Emma in 1816 were moderate successes that brought her no public fame in her lifetime. Northanger Abbey and Persuasion appeared only after her death in 1817, and Sanditon was left unfinished. Real acclaim came later – her novels were republished as a set in 1833, gradually won a mass readership, and have rarely been out of print since.