Miyamoto Musashi, born around 1583 and dead by June 1645, was a Japanese swordsman, strategist, artist and writer whose legend rests on a unique double-bladed style and an undefeated record across 62 duels. Japan reveres him as a kensei – a sword saint – and he founded the Niten Ichi-ryu school of swordsmanship. He is believed to have been a friend of Mizuno Katsunari, a Tokugawa shogunate general, fighting alongside him at the Battle of Sekigahara, the Siege of Osaka and the Shimabara Rebellion.
Only in his final years did Musashi set down what he knew. The Book of Five Rings addresses his martial art in concrete terms – the character of his school and its wider significance – while Dokkodo, The Path of Aloneness, compresses his life’s philosophy into a few aphoristic sentences. Both documents were bequeathed to Terao Magonojo, his most important student, seven days before his death. The Miyamoto Musashi Budokan training centre in Okayama Prefecture now stands in his honour.